Mmm feel good chemicals

That is what I figured out years ago, thank you! So they are CNS depressants but do not depress respiratory functions?

Fun story: I once ingested 950mg of Etizolam (which equates to almost 9.5 grams of Diazepam, or 475mg of Alprazolam) and went to a party. Don't remember doing the whole bag of pure powder before leaving, but I still have a few memories of the very start of that evening...

I was later told I was so effin messed up that one point it took me like 15 minutes for me to tie one of my shoes.

No memories of coming back home either. Woke up on my bathroom floor, feeling surprisingly not too bad or anything.

Had much, muuch worse hangovers from just Ethanol haha

Same with snorting 140mg of Zolpidem (again I blacked out after the second pill; I never actually intended to do the whole box..): I woke up on the floor, realized I raided my entire fridge because of all the packagings and stuff surrounding me.. First thought was immediately being worried about food poisoning or something bacause not everything that was in there was still safe to eat...

I don't fuck with such ludicrous doses anymore since those 2 incidents years ago.

edit: spelling

Also, ⚠️TW: suicide⚠️

I once tried to end my life with Ethanol, GHB, Clonazepam, Alprazolam, Pregabalin, Ketamine, Methadone, Heroin, and think Carisoprodol (not sore about this one at all).

And blacked out as you could expect.

Just woke up a bit groggy really, my theory is I didnt have enough of each substance, also in combination with this I had a non-negligeable tolerance to ethanol + GHB/opioids/benzos+gabaergics.

After that I swowly started my day, slowly realizing I was pissed more about the waste of such products, not so much about the failed attempt haha..

Sorry if this not a appropriate comment, if it is mods please just ask to remove

I was reading a NYT article and often times on the graphs they have inflation separated from inflation on things like food and energy.

If you combined the two inflation would be something like 12%

But they only have it as 6%.

Sugars are carbohydrates

I do love that movie.

Dopamine isn't used only for reward signaling. It is also used for aversion. "Yum, let's get more of that!" and "Ick, let's stay away from that!" are both incentive-driven thoughts.

And it's also used for other things, too. Parkinson's disease is treated with drugs that activate dopamine receptors, but L-Dopa isn't an addictive drug.

Barbiturates are still very much used. I regularly give phenobarbital to people in alcohol withdrawal.

That's true in the summertime when I'm doing a 4 Mile run and I run by an apple tree an Apple has never tasted so delicious because typically I don't like apples. But my body needs it at that point so the craving spikes and the resulting energy is definitely welcome.

Who says sugar in fruits is good for you? Neither is good for you

Basically what this means is it takes a longer time for your body to process natural sources of sugar- which is something humans have been doing for millennia. Versus something highly processed that hits the system extremes quick & the body cannot process it quick enough & may lead to diabetes.

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Imagine getting hit with a baseball vs a ball of paper. Same speed at you. It comes down to weight.

When someone punches, swings a bat, ect, they technically are throwing a percent of their weight behind the action. More weight =harder

Harder punch = weight x speed (ELI5 version) Force= mass x acceleration

> we could get there if we very very seriously want it even with current tech.

Well that's equally fascinating and terrifying. lol

im pretty sure their apple numbers include carbohydrates

science can explain this, acceleration * mass = force.

Quicker you can move your arm and more of your body weight behind it the harder the punch. SIMPLE... sort of.

Im an ex sprinter but I did play and train with some boxers many years ago, went to a science place and had some punches measured for speed and impact force. The boxers outscored me, by a good margin. They hit hard, really hard. Now I have a couple of black belts in kung fu and karate. The technique was similar but also very different.

My kung fu instructor talked about a punch should be like "an iron chain with an iron ball on the end" The karate guy told me it should feel like an iron stick. The boxers when I talked about this with them said, turn your hip and punch through their face, and if you use your legs you should punch with the mass of the world behind you. (not true but not a bad training lesson)

There is also for want of a better description magic at play, some boxers just have heavy hands. One of the boxers I was training/playing with punched me on the shoulder. Just a jab and my jaw rattled.

Think about a domestic cat, crazy little wannabe tiger, watch their paw speed. Crazy quick. will hit a toy 4 or 5 times a second ...bap, bap, bap, bap. But so little body weight behind this. Now watch a tourist on holiday that stands next to an elephant. One swing of the trunk and tourist is knocked over, elephant ways more than a cat.

inertia plays a factor more so in how well someone can take a punch. inertia is resistance to change in velocity. that change in velocity in your face when you get punched dictates how hard your brain shakes inside your skull, which determines how hurt you get (and whether you go unconscious or not). if you're a bigger person with a bigger head, stronger neck muscles, denser skeleton, stronger base, etc, you'll be able to absorb a punch better than someone who is smaller because you can resist the change in velocity better than a smaller person can. it's why combat athletes fight people who are the same weight as them. keeps it fair (on top of the obvious fact that same size people can generate similar levels of force)

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This makes a lot of sense, thank you! I'm not specialized in physics, just a curious layman who learned about fields and then had a "hey, wait a minute..." moment. You made this explanation very accessible to me.

Reaction mass is what some people have said, if you don't weigh much, when you connect, you're more likely to push yourself back off them than if you were heavier.

Another factor is the speed of your muscles. All things being equal, if you were lighter (and your fist/arm was too), you could make up for that with a faster punch.
Less mass in your arm, but more speed to make up for it. This is one of those Newtonian things involving collisions, if everything worked out without losses, if you wacked a 2kg ball into a 1kg ball and it transferred all the energy, the 1kg ball would shoot off at double the speed.
However, there's going to be a max speed based on your muscles, you wouldn't just be able to halve the weight of your arm and then expect it to move twice as fast. In other words, you can get faster with your punches, but there's a sort of preferred speed from your muscles which it'll tend to hang around.

eg- your muscles will move your arm in a particular speed range no matter what. Double the weight of your arm won't halve the speed, half-weight arms won't double the speed. You can add extra mass though, so if you gripped a lump of steel in your fist, you'd have a stronger punch, as there would be spare capacity in your muscles to account for the extra mass without taking a big hit in the speed to level it back out.

This part however is just one part of the whole punch, it's more like the mechanics of throwing a limp arm at someone, and doesn't account for the followthrough which would give you a stronger punch from having a heavy overall physique.

To add some clarity:

Gross - total amount before factoring losses or costs. If you own a store selling widgets and you sell $5000 worth of widgets one day, that's your gross sales. But, you have to pay your employees, pay your electric bill, and order more widgets to sell. All that costs, oh, $4000 for that day. Thus, you get net sales of $1000 ($5000-$4000).

Domestic - having to do only with your own country. So, like, Amazon does a lot of business overseas and that counts towards their gross sales, but that money isn't coming into the USA so it isn't part of the USA gross product.

Product - generic term for all of the value of everything made or sold.

Benzos have a limit to their function. They depend on a neurotransmitter called GABA which is a CNS depressant. Once GABA is depleted then any additional Benzos will have no effect, therefore no overdose. Unfortunately, if you compound this effect with other depressants (who operate on a different mechanism) you can get respiratory depression which can be fatal.

Who says we do?

Often it’s measured with CPI, which measures the price of a pre-set collection of goods and services, representing what an average individual may spend on.

"sugar in fruits is good for you but processed sugar [...] is not"

Flawed premise.

Sugar is sugar. Fructose is no better or worse than other sources of sugar. Drinking orange or grape juice is in effect just as bad as soda; they contain similar concentrations of sugar and virtually none of the things that make fruit healthy.

Eating fruit is good for you, to a point, because it contains lots of water, fiber, and phytonutrients.

they're not able to do them by second nature. they've had to throw the same punches thousands of times since they were little kids to develop the technique they have. it's their job to be able to punch well. practice makes them good.

what you're talking about when you say whipping the punch to make it harder is basically just saying throwing it faster to make it hit harder, which is true. force = mass x acceleration and velocity is a component of acceleration. if you throw the punch with higher velocity, you're making one of the numbers you have to multiply to get your force output bigger, which makes the force itself bigger.

/u/shashwathj, everyone here is answering the wrong thing.

30 respondents is a rule of thumb for when you can use the normal distribution as an approximation for the binomial distribution.

If you have a survey that is asking a yes or no question, that is two options so the distribution for that is the binomial distribution. The binomial distribution is a bit of a pain to work with however but fortunately it starts to look like the normal distribution with more and more respondents. To give non-statisticians a simple threshold for this, we say 30 respondents.

The normal distribution has a simple (by mathematician standards) equation for confidence intervals and so you can quantify the uncertainty in your survey.

There are other methods for confidence intervals with smaller sample sizes but we can't teach everyone everything.