I'm too lazy to look it up, but I read an article years ago where they took a skull that had been 3d printed off of scans, plugged the holes that would have been blocked by tissue, and blew air through it. They immediately got sounds, so it was definitely shaped as a resonating chamber.

Balancing the books is a basic part of maintaining finances…for a business or personal. The “books” are where transactions are recorded. Balancing the books is comparing what you think your account balance is with what another resource (like a bank or even a vendor) says your balance is.

People used to always have a physical checkbook for paying bills. You’d keep track of your payments and deposits in the checkbook. Once a month, you’d get a statement from your bank. The statement would list all of the transactions the bank processed for a specific period of time. You’d mark the transactions as ‘cleared’ if the bank has the same information you have.

For example….check number 347 was written to CVS for $22.53 on March 1. When you get your statement, you see thst the bank has paid that check to CVS, it has cleared your account.

On March 27, you wrote a check to your niece for $75 for her bday. She hasn’t cashed the check yet. Therefore, the balance the bank is showing is $75 more than the balance you’re showing for the account.

Knowing which transactions are outstanding (the check to your niece) help you have a better understanding of your balance…and keeps you from becoming overdrawn.

Most all of this is done electronically these days.

Ah, Memantine is probably the one although I do usually get generics so who knows, lol. It was being used for migraines or insomnia or something at the time.

They wanted me to "try to acclimate to it for a couple of weeks" when I was living with 2 domestic abuse survivors and was already setting off PTSD in the first couple of days.

Its the same reason you don’t move when you jump while standing on a train or in a bus. when you are standing on a train, your moving the same speed over the earth as the train. If you jump you dont just magically slow down. Same thing goes for the earth spinning/moving

Even in remotes where they are physically side by side, they are often electrically connected in series.

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I’m by no means an expert, but I think what you might be looking for is the hormone called grehlin.

Here are some of the differences at "top" schools:

• Many professors are luminaries in their field. You'll be taking a class from the person who wrote the textbook everyone uses. Your next class is taught by the person who literally invented/discovered the technique you're learning that week.
• The students are more highly motivated, on average. You're surrounded by "people who wanted to go to a top school", rather than "people who wanted to go to college".
• For better or for worse, you're surrounded by wealth. Some of your classmates will have wealthy parents and connections.
• The schools have a lot more money for fancier equipment and labs.
• Companies love the prestige of hiring from top schools. You'll be recruited heavily.

It doesn't necessarily mean you'll actually learn more. Really that's mostly up to you. I do think there's a difference in difficulty and expectations for courses, but it may be that's more due to the average caliber of students being higher rather than the school actually teaching more.

Also, not all top schools prioritize teaching quality. Many small liberal arts colleges have 100% of courses taught by full professors who care about teaching, while many top universities don't prioritize teaching, especially lower-level classes, and many undergraduate classes are taught by grad students who don't have any teaching experience.

How much you learn is mostly up to you. You can learn just as much and have just as many opportunities at an average school, but you might have to work harder and seek them out. At a top school, it's harder to get in, but once you get in you'll have more opportunities.

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do you mean memantine, the antiparkinsonian medication? all i could find when i looked nemantine up was that, with a few websites, most in foreign languages, that listed nemantine where it seemed either to be a typo or alternate generic name

You didn’t want a psychology answer but it may help to compare two beliefs among emotion researchers. One is anger is a primary emotion and the other is anger is a combination emotion.

I’d propose a third which is that much of what we describe in behavior observations of anger is a combination and very rarely is it pure anger without scorn (disgust) or aggression (with anticipation).

Plutchiks wheel distinguishes combination emotions with primary emotions and puts anger as one of eight primaries. Others speculate that what we are observing as the category anger is actually almost entirely a shit sandwich of fear, disorientation, boredom, approach, avoid, enjoy, not enjoy.

Sometimes it helps to take a step back and realize that it’s hard to even describe anger as pleasurable or not. An approach emotion or a retreat. Advantageous or a liability to a sense of well-being. So that may begin to clue you into the need for more complicated models than a single hormone or chemical.

It sounds like you were looking for more of an ELI5 chemical analysis of hormones in balance such as adrenaline v cortisol oxytocin v dopamine v serotonin testosterone v estrogen.

There’s no topic that’s done less justice by an oversimplified ELI5. Think of all the absolutes that have made us worse for understanding how these function as single chemicals rather than more as combinatorial fractions.

For instance take the commonly held belief that XXY males fill prison halls because of absolute testosterone. That’s not the case. If it was the case the measure would be total testosterone for determining prison wings but it actually matters much more what your testosterone balance is with estrogen.

With anger it may be appropriate not just to think of ratios of the anger related hormones (norepinephrine - dopamine etc.) with the other related chemicals being compared one at a time. Anger compared to the others with each having one on one ratios, but rather three coordinates; X Y and Z. Then using some of those coordinates to be ratios themselves such as the following xyz coordinates -

X cortisol : Y adrenaline : Z testosterone to estrogen.

I don’t have a solid answer for you with even a half way decent or better model than the 101’s. I just have a hunch it will take some measure that is equally or more complicated.

I think Robert Sapolsky took one of the first stabs at making these complexities available to the general public in his book Behave. But good luck if you aren’t deeply really interested in the topic. Behave is no ELI5.

Brother: Hmm, you know, dad is being a real smartass lately. And he refuses to help plan the vacation. He just sits there, drinking beer and watching baseball all day. Mom says he won't stop swearing at the preacher, and refuses to help cook like he used to.

Sister: yeah, he sure has become a real burden to us all.

Technically, but addictive in the same way working out, watching movies, or a book can be addictive. Basically it’s just your go to source for dopamine, but for the most part sources can be interchangeable. I.e someone who is addicted to gun could probably scratch that itch with a fps game or action movie (on a stimulus basis at least). This does differ from chemical addiction cause while the initial spark is from dopamine, the other chemical triggers makes it stick differently. If you are chemically addicted to nicotine for instance you ease it just from other stimuli, since it’s specifically the nicotine your body is missing.

The "books", in regards to a business is simply a ledger of income and expenses.

Balancing the books simply means to add up all the income and expenses, and to ensure that the income meets or exceeds the expenses.

On why you didn't get a hangover from the CNS depressant. Ethanol gives hangovers not when it's still ethanol, but after it turns into acetaldehyde; not all substances have such metabolic paths where the intermediate product can have such effects.

How can this NOT be a word? Also, dibs on that for my rap name

Generally, school prestige is a holdover from way back then. A little bit of private school elitism. A little bit of education not being as standardized. Harvard, Yale, etc cemented their reputation as Hugh class institutions long before college became widely available.

At a practical level, the math you learn at your state university is the same as at Harvard. The value of a high class institution is not necessarily in the actual education.

As prestigious universities, their degrees carry weight and they also have lots of connections. As the adage goes, it's not just what you know, it's who you know. So prestigious universities open more doors simply because they have better connections.

In terms of education, it is true that prestigious universities intentionally try to draw some of the top scholars who are doing cutting edge research. However, most of the time they're doing research and even if they do teach it is rarely undergrad classes. Top scholars usually only matter for people doing postgraduate study as they will join in their research.

So while there are some academic advantages, the real difference between prestigious universities and Podunk State down the street is social.

Benzos don't surpress the CNS on their own.

They amplify the effects of your natural CNS surpressants (or other articifical ones, which is why they are very dangerous in combination with e.g. ethanol).

Ok random guy

It’s hard to call it an “addiction” because our bodies require fats to live.

Personally I’m also addicted to drinking water and breathing air, I guess.

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Well its a simple answer, Benzos aren't CNS depressants they do however make actual CNS depressants much more powerful which is why so many ODs happen when mixing them with opiates and the like.

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They may have similar courses (with some notable exceptions), its more a about who's teaching it and what kind of resources they have to teach with. Top universities bring in the top experts and teachers in the world, and have amazing resources to allow students to use top level equipment, tools, libraries, etc to facilitate top level learning. These schools are also usually conducting amazing research that even undergraduate students can often participate in, accelerating their careers. When a university has all these things, they gain a good reputation, allowing for students to find easier and better jobs upon graduation. That alone makes a university "better" in the eyes of most.

The kind of thing I'm describing is somewhat similar to combining an MAOI with a drug that's metabolized through a pathway that the MAOI suppresses: if you took either drug on its own, it wouldn't be a problem, but when you combine them, it's dangerous. I previously thought that a CNS depressant was a CNS depressant, but it sounds like that's not entirely true, since some CNS depressants inhibit respiration and some do not.