Alcohol's main effect is on GABA receptors (the same things that are affected by benzos like Ativan and Klonopin) and the opiate effects are either downstream of GABA or are much less pronounced. Alcohol is a "dirty" chemical in that it interacts with many neurotransmitter systems, so it doesn't *not* have an effect on opioid receptors, but classifying it as an opioid would be like saying a car is a place to sit.

The staff will typically keep a record of who called (often verifying the address to make sure they are constituents), what they are calling about, and for/against.

This is also done with faxes, emails, and on the web form.

If it is something that gets lots of people calling in, as in far higher than normal, the representative may choose to view it as a reason to vote a certain way. They are, unfortunately, not obligated to do so. This tactic is especially effective during election years as they may see it affecting their reelection.

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What are you talking about recreational substances, the other guy is clearly talking about treating alcohol withdrawal

CLAM?

A country has control over transactions made with its currency. If all the oil in the world is bought and sold in dollar, the USA can allow or disallow every oil transaction in the world, which means they can cut off oil from anyone they want to.

If everyone set their watches by the sun, local time would vary by 1 hour for every 15 degree of longitude (east/west position). Latitude (north/south position) does not affect local time.

Yes but that makes it possible to appease people with lower sounding numbers(even tho they now don't really mean anything anymore) and that's something interesting to the ruling

My hospital's alcohol withdrawal protocol is Librium and Valium, never once have I given phenobarbital to a detox patient.

>There are mild nutritional differences but it's not right to say one is "healthier" than the other.

FWIW, this is the primary benefit I've heard -- that grass fed has a better profile of fats (more omega 3 versus omega 6, I believe), but that's always seemed strange, since someone really worried about their fat profile would be much better off eating something like salmon instead of fancy beef.

Ships that existed before thug boats would not be considered large today, you could pull them with smaller boats that people rowed or buy using ropes to land or to an anchor that was stopped by a smaller boat.

The option that was commonly used was to drop anchor and load and unload via smaller bots and barges.

The fest steam-powered tug boat was made in 1801. If you look at the war ships of the Napoleonic war more specifically the Battle of Trafalgar HMS Victory, Lord Nelsons' flagship was one of the largest in the British fleet. It was 69 meters long and 16 meters wide and has a 3,500 tons displacement. The vast majority of ships om that fleet or in general was not that larg.

The largest passenger ship in 1831 was SS Royal William at 1,370 ton and 49 meters long.

In 1901 it was RMS Celtic at 20,904 ton and 214 meters.

Today it is Wonder of the Seas 236,857 ton and 362 meters.

All of these ships are after the invention of the steam-powered tugboat. So with today standard that war not large ships before tugboats.

Whoa... I'm glad that you're still with us!

It's a matter of maintaining the appropriate balance.

The human body works best when there is ~9g of salt/liter (based on normal saline used in medicine) which is necessary for electrical signals and chemical reactions that the body needs to keep functioning.

Seawater, by contrast, contains ~35g of salt/liter, more than tripple the concentration of the human body.

This means that drinking seawater intoduces far too much salt, but drinking water with no salt at all can dilute the salt concentration of the body, as some salt is lost via urine and sweat. Either of these extremes can cause problems.

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Because the universe expanding is a bit different in this case.

Imagine you have marbles and you drop then on the floor. Every little bit of time you move them a bit outwards from each other. That is essentially what the universe is doing when expanding.

Minor correction, if I may: harmonics are removed or canceled out to get a sine wave. A pure sine wave has only one harmonic (the fundamental). A pure square wave is the fundamental and the odd numbered harmonics.

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ELI5: You've got DC+ and DC- coming in, and AC1 and AC2 going out. Hook up + to AC1 and - to AC2, power goes forward, a crest. Now switch the cables quickly, - to AC1 and + to AC2. Now power is going backwards, a trough. Keep doing that 60 times a second and you've become a simple square wave inverter. Replace you with some circuitry and it's automatic. Normally you use more complicated components to generate a sinusoidal wave but the gist is the same, keep switching the DC input forwards and backwards and it creates the AC voltage wave

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Apologies!

Electrolytes are a type of salt (the generic name for all ionic compounds in chemistry), but are not table salt (the common vernacular meant by salt). We need some ions, but the right kind in the right balance to function. If you drink very salty water (like the ocean), there is a process called osmosis that will suck water out of you instead, literally dehydrating you.

Timezones are artificial constructs that people have made up, that is why they are just a line you cross.

If you move from one country to the next you suddenly are subject to all sorts of different man made laws and sometimes even manmade ideas of what time it is.

Because that is all timezones are a government declaring what time it is inside their borders.

Timezones are artificial but they are based on a natural things that is more real.

You know how the sun rises in the east and sets in the west?

If you move westwards you experience dawn and noon and sunset slightly earlier than someone east of you. (Like seeing a cars headlights sooner if you are further in the direction it is coming from.)

when we first came up with ways to tell the time we were pretty simple about it we had dawn and dusk when the sun rises and sets and we had midnight in the middle of the night halfway between sunset and dawn and noon halfway between dawn and dusk.

You didn't need a clock to tell the time just your eyes.

Dawn was at a slightly different time everywhere, but people would have to travel quite a bit to notice the difference and they traveled so slow that nobody really felt the difference.

Later people separated the time when the sun was up into 12 equal part called hours and the time when in wasn't into another 12 hours.

This mean that how long an hour was differed from day to day and location to location , but it was just a convenient way to split up the time between dawn and noon into 6 parts and so on.

Later the whole day night cycle was split into 24 equal parts this meant that dawn did always happen at the same hour but all hours were the same length.

than at some point when timekepeing got good enough we split the hour into 60 minute parts and got minutes and later still split those into 60 second minute part and got seconds.

At that point we basically had the time we have today.

The difference being that each place had its own time.

Noon was always halfway between dawn and dusk when the sun was highest in the sky.

Each town with it own church tower clock had its own local time based on the sun.

If you were rich enough to have an accurate clock or watch and set it based on the official time in one town and then traveled east or west to another town your clock would be off.

Of course clocks weren't very accurate or and travel was slow for most people.

The invention of a very accurate clock that could be compared to the time as seen from the sun was actually what enabled sailors to tell how far west or east they had travailed and thus tell where they were.

This all was very well until railroads came along.

Steam engines can move people very fast over great distances, fast enough that the time difference between towns mattered.

Keeping an accurate schedule is very hard when each town you stop has its own timezone.

Railroad companies made things easier by creating a unified time for their company.

At first this made things more complicated because each company decided on a different time, so you essentially could move between timezones by going from one platform to the next.

Eventually this shook out to the system we have today though were each country or in large countries each state within the country chooses a timezone based roughly on what the time would be based on the sun somewhere nearby. These timezones are mostly offset from each other by a full hour with a few exception being 30 or 15 minutes of.

These timezones are mostly the same north and south of where you are and different if you go far enough east or west.

In a few place you can go to a different timezone by going north or south though.

Noon and midnight will always happen simultaneously in a single line north to south from pole to pole (ignoring midnight sun phenomena etc) The line of when dawn and dusk happens is not quite north south but somewhat angled at times. So it can happen sooner or later north and south of you.

The legal time however isn't bound by that natural time. it follow the lines drawn by man

La of California has the same timezone, but if you go from Baja California to Baja California South in Mexico you move between timezone even if the dividing line between the two states is east to west.

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Your body needs a small amount of salt (electrolytes) to operate, and the more you sweat and get dehydrated the more of these salts you lose.

So drinking fluid with an appropriate amount of electrolytes helps hydrate you.

The problem with ocean water is that it has waaaayyyy too much salt and your body reacts to this by trying to get it out of your system via your urine. So you use more water to get it out of your system that you are taking in.